Digital Pragmatics and Human Identity in Interactions with Selected AI Chatbots

In today’s digital world, Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots play a major role in transforming human identity. People engage with digital platforms for various reasons; in doing so, the experiences they have and the interactive nature of these platforms seem to influence them, as human beings are products of their thoughts and surroundings. Based on this background, this study examines how interacting with selected language models impacts people’s self-image and digital communication. Grounded in pragmatic theory with a focus on Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory (1995), the study aims to analyze how AI chatbots like ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini adapt to users’ identities, tones, and communicative intentions and to examine how digital pragmatics shapes or reinforces users’ self- perception and identity expression in conversations with these models. After reviewing existing literature and identifying gaps, the study adopted a pre- experimental, comparative qualitative method, analyzing 33 chat screenshots—11 from each chatbot. The data were purposively grouped into nine themes. Findings showed, among other things, that ChatGPT and Copilot are more culturally adaptable than Gemini, which struggles to respond to specific identity cues. ChatGPT excels in recognizing communicative intent and stated identity, whereas Copilot provides the warmest and most cordial interactions. Overall, human identity is influenced—consciously or not—by frequent interaction with these language models. The study, therefore, urges caution in how often and in what ways users engage with these impassive AI systems. It concludes that digital tools can reshape self-image and human identity, offering valuable insights not only to scholars of language and communication but also to anyone interested in how digital pragmatics influences both our sense of self and our perception of human existence.