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This LLCIS Research Lab website provides a backup version of Confluence Journal's official platform hosted and indexed by IMIST-CNRST
Linguistic, Literary, Cultural & Interdisciplinary Studies
Linguistic, Literary, Cultural & Interdisciplinary Studies
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Brion Gysin: Beat Outsider in Morocco

Backup copy. This page is kept by the LLCIS Research Laboratory as a backup of Confluence Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. The official version of record is published on the journal’s platform, hosted and indexed by IMIST-CNRST: https://journals.imist.ma/index.php/confluence/article/view/7690.

  • Allen HibbardMiddle Tennessee State University
PDF (backup copy)Official version on IMISTDOI
Journal
Confluence Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (e-ISSN 3085-5411)
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Section
Articles
Pages
1-11
Published
19 January 2026
DOI
https://doi.org/10.34874/PRSM.cjms-vol2iss1.7690
License
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Copyright (c) 2026 Allen Hibbard

Abstract

A nomadic polymath who spent considerable time in Morocco and was a champion of Jajouka, Brion Gysin, this essay proposes, can be considered as “an outsider in a movement [the Beats] that defined itself by outsidedness.”  A survey of Gysin’s wide range of production in diverse media and genres—painting, film, calligraphy, cut-ups, permutation poems, and novel (The Process)—reveals that his work participates in an esthetic and values associated with the Beats:  Experimentation with new forms of expression, an iconoclastic spirit, and a firm commitment to radical freedom.  While Gysin himself admitted that his inability to stick with just one mode of artistic production, his multifaceted and unrestrained talent remains a source of enduring fascination.

Keywords

GysinBeatsTangier

Works Cited (11)
  1. Beiles, Sinclair, et al. Minutes to Go. Edited with introduction by Oliver Harris. Moloko Print, 2020; originally published in 1960.
  2. Fazzino, Jimmy. World Beats: Beat Generation Writing and the Worlding of U.S. Literature. Dartmouth College Press. 2016.
  3. Geiger, John. Nothing is True Everything is Permitted: The Life of Brion Gysin. New York: Disinformation Co. Ltd. 2005.
  4. Gysin, Brion. The Process. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2005; first published 1967.
  5. -----. “The Pipes of Pan,” Gnaoa. No. 1. Issue #1. Tangier. Reprinted in Weiss, 122-124.
  6. Palmer, Robert. “Forward,” The Process; (vii-xxi)
  7. -----. Rolling Stone Interview. In Allen Hibbard, ed. Conversations with William S. Burroughs. Jackson: U of Mississippi Press, 1999; 51-79.
  8. Schuyler, Philip, “Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah,” In Mass Meditations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond, Ed. Walter Armbrust. Berkeley: UC Press, 2000; 146-160.
  9. Skerl, Jennie. "Review of Books by and about Gysin." The Beat Review, vol. 4, no. 4, 2011, pp. 1-8.
  10. Sobieszek, Robert A. Ports of Entry: William S. Burroughs and the Arts. L.A. County Museum of Art. Thames and Hudson, 1996.
  11. Weiss. Jason, Intro. Back in No Time: The Brion Gysin Reader. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan U Press, 2001.
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